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1.
Curr Biol ; 34(5): R193-R194, 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471445

RESUMO

The symbiosis between giant sea anemones, algae of the family Symbiodiniaceae, and anemonefish is an iconic example of a mutualistic trio1,2. Molecular analyses have shown that giant sea anemones hosting anemonefish belong to three clades: Entacmaea, Stichodactyla, and Heteractis3,4,5 (Figure 1A). Associations among 28 species of anemonefish and 10 species of giant sea anemone hosts are complex. Some fish species are highly specialized to only one anemone species (e.g., Amphiprion frenatus with Entacmaea quadricolor), whereas others are more generalist (e.g., Amphiprion clarkii)1,2,6. Reasons for host preferences are obscured, among other things, by the lack of resolution in the giant sea anemone phylogeny. Here, we generated a transcriptomic dataset from 55 sea anemones collected from southern Japan to reconstruct these phylogenetic relationships. We observed that the bubble-tip sea anemone E. quadricolor, currently considered a single species, can be separated into at least four cryptic lineages (A-D). Surprisingly, these lineages can be precisely distinguished by observing their association with anemonefish: A. frenatus only associates with lineage D, whereas A. clarkii lives in the other three lineages.


Assuntos
Perciformes , Anêmonas-do-Mar , Humanos , Animais , Filogenia , Peixes , Simbiose
2.
Zoolog Sci ; 39(4)2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35960028

RESUMO

The relationship between anemonefish and sea anemones is one of the most emblematic examples of mutualistic symbiosis in coral reefs. Although this is a textbook example, the major aspects of this symbiosis are still not fully understood in mechanistic terms. Moreover, since studies of this relationship have usually been focused on anemonefish, much less is known about giant sea anemones, their similarities, their phylogenetic relationships, and their differences at the molecular level. Since both partners of the symbiotic relationship are important, we decided to explore this well-known phenomenon from the perspective of giant sea anemones. Here, we report reference transcriptomes for all seven species of giant sea anemones that inhabit fringing reefs of Okinawa (Japan) and serve as hosts for six species of local anemonefish. Transcriptomes were used to investigate their phylogenetic relations, genetic differences and repertoires of nematocyte-specific proteins. Our data support the presence of three distinct groups corresponding to three genera: Entacmaea, Heteractis, and Stichodactyla. The basal position among the three groups belongs to Entacmaea, which was the first to diverge from a common ancestor. While the magnitude of genetic difference between the representatives of Entacmaea and Stichodactyla is large, intra-specific variation within Stichodactyla is much smaller and seems to result from recent speciation events. Our data reconfirms that Heteractis magnifica belongs to the genus Stichodactyla, despite an overall morphological similarity with representatives of the genus Heteractis. The availability of reference transcriptomes will facilitate further research into the fascinating relationship between sea anemones and anemonefish.


Assuntos
Anêmonas-do-Mar , Animais , Recifes de Corais , Filogenia , Anêmonas-do-Mar/genética , Simbiose , Transcriptoma
3.
Zookeys ; 900: 1-21, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31920422

RESUMO

A new hydromedusa belonging to the order Limnomedusae is reported from the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. Olindias deigo sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Olindiidae species by the number and color of tentacles. Mature medusae of O. deigo sp. nov. were collected to observe the life history, including polyp (hydroid) and medusa formation. A comparative table of the primary diagnostic characters of the genus is provided.

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